西班牙语音系
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2020-08-15 01:50
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摘要:
西班牙语音系
西语把大家拉丁的元音系统软件简单化为五个元音-- a. e, i, o, u。 五个元音的发音都清晰明确,无论是在元音是不是是在重音部位。除开a之外,古典拉丁中的短元音都会西班牙文中经历了裂化, 如:
porta->puerta
herba->hierba
古典拉丁文中的长元音并是重音部位上的e, o在西班牙文上都被i, u替代,而短元音并不是重音部位的i,u在西班牙文中被e, o替代,如:
feci->hice
重音落在词末的音节上,或者*后第二个音节上,或者*后第三个音节上。这一重音是在拼读中表明出去的。同古典拉丁文相较为,西班牙文的重音主要表现出向有r这一音的音节上靠的状况:
tenebrae->tinieblas
古典拉丁文中的元音间的辅音p, t, c 在西班牙文中被浊化为b, d, g, 如:
apotheca(th相当于t,由于h不发音)->bodega
元音间的d消退,如:
cadere->caer
元音间的g消退或是变为一个介音j, 写做y, 如:
legere->leer
reges->reyes
而元音间的b被*存,可是趋向于和v一样发成爆破音,如:
habere->haber
古典拉丁文中的开首的f被一个没发一切音的h替代,如:
facere->hacer
辅音群ct, lt转变成ch (act变成ech), 如:
octo->ocho
multu->mucho
lactua->lechuga.
(注:这一状况便是之前我讲的yod状况。辅音c和l被腭化,随后变为象j一样的发音,那样yod就会有标准发生了。)
辅音群cl, fl, pl 腭化变为ll, 如:
clamo->llamo
flama- >llama
ploro->lloro
元音辅音群ali, eli, ili, oli, uli转变成aj, ej, ij, oj, uj, 如:
alium->ajo
filius->hijo
mulier->mujer
辅音群lr, mr, nr被插入b或是d, 变为ldr, mbr, ndr, 如:
venir he->vendre
注:这儿b, d的插进是以便协助发音,拥有b, d的干预,更为非常容易发音。
以s开首的的词被再加了一个e, 如:
stare->estar
下列是全文:
SPANISH PHONOLOGY
Spanish has simplified the Vulgar Latin vocal system to only 5 open vowels (as in Classic Latin) -- a. e, i, o, u -- that are pronounced clearly and without reduction in both stressed and unstressed positions. The vowels, that are short in Classic Latin, diphthongate when stressed in Spanish except for a, cf.:
CL porta door -> Sp. puerta;
CL herba grass -> Sp. hierba.
The long stressed vowels e, o are replaced by i, u and the short unstressed vowels i, u -- by e, o, cf.:
CL fêci (I) did -> Sp. hice.
The accent may fall on the ultimate, penultimate or antepenultimate syllable. Its place is recognizable from orthography. As compared with the accent of Classical Latin, it shows a tendency to move towards a syllable containing -r, cf.:
CL tenebrae darkness -> Sp. tinieblas.
The Latin consonants p, t, c between vowels are voiced to b, d, g in Spanish, cf.:
CL apotheca (th=t) store-room -> Sp. bodega.
The intervocalic -d- disappears, cf.:
CL cadere to fall -> Sp. caer
and the intervocalic -g- may disappear or become a glide sound [j] written y, cf.
CL legere to read -> Sp. leer
CL reges kings -> Sp. reyes,
while the intervocalic -b- is preserved, but tends to become aspirated as v, cf.
CL habere to have -> Sp. haber.
The initial f- is replaced by a mute h-, cf.
CL facere to do -> Sp. hacer.
The consonant clusters ct, lt are transformed to ch (act to ech), cf.:
CL octo eight -> Sp. ocho,
CL multu(m) much, many -> Sp. mucho,
CL lactuca lettuce -> Sp. lechuga.
The clusters cl, fl, pl are palatalized to ll, cf.:
CL clamo (I) call -> Sp. llamo,
CL flama flame -> Sp. llama,
CL ploro (I) weep -> Sp. lloro.
The clusters ali, eli, ili, oli, uli are transformed to aj, ej, ij, oj, uj, cf.:
CL alium garlic -> Sp. ajo,
CL filius son -> Sp. hijo,
CL mulier woman -> Sp. mujer etc.
The clusters lr, mr, nr are divided by epenthetic -b- or -d- and become ldr, mbr, ndr, as in:
venir to come he (I) have -> vendré (I) will come.
The words beginning with s- followed by a consonant (s impure) receive a prothetic e-, cf.:
CL stare to stand -> Sp. estar.
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